2025-01-24
Ama-Ama-Surfactantsamakhompiyutha anganciphisa kakhulu ukungezwani okungaphezulu noma ukungezwani phakathi kwamatshe amabili aphakathi kweziphuzo ezimbili, phakathi koketshezi kanye nogesi, naphakathi kwegesi. Ukwakheka kwamangqamuzana kwama-surfiphilic yi-aphphipilic: Elinye iphethwe yi-hydrophilic iqembu kanti elinye ukuphela kuyiqembu le-hydrophobic; Iqembu le-hydrophilic livame ukuba yiqembu le-polar, njenge-carboxylic acid, i-sulfuric acid, i-amino noma i-amine geroar kanye nosawoti walo, njll. Ungasetshenziswa futhi njengamaqembu e-ether hydrophilic; Ngenkathi iqembu le-hydrophobic livame ukuba yi-non-polar hydrocarbon chain, efana ne-hydrocarbon chain enama-athomu angaphezu kwe-8 carbon. Ama-surfactants ahlukaniswe ama-Ionic Surfactants (kufaka phakathi ama-catics ama-surfiic ama-surfiic, ama-anionic ama-surfic, ama-surphoteric surfictants), ama-surfic angasebenzi, amanye ama-surficacrants, nokunye okubonakalayo, njll.
Ama-molecule asetshenzisiwe ane-aphphiricilic ehlukile: I-One End iyiqembu le-Hydrophilic Polar, okubizwa ngokuthi yi-Hydrophilic Group, eyaziwa nangokuthi iqembu le-oleophobic noma iqembu le-oleophobic, njenge--OOH, -OOH. Ngoba lolu hlobo lweqembu lufushane ngobude, kwesinye isikhathi lubizwa ngokuthi yiNhloko ye-Hydrophilic. Elinye iphelile yiqembu elingeyona eye-polar eli-lipophilic, elaziwa nangokuthi iqembu le-hydrophobic noma iqembu eliphendulayo, njenge-R- (alkyl) ne-AR- (areyl). Ngoba lolu hlobo lweqembu lufushane, kwesinye isikhathi lubizwa ngokuthi umsila we-hydrophobic. Izinhlobo ezimbili zamaqembu amamolekyuli anezinhlaka kanye nezinto eziphikisana ngokuphelele nezinhloso ze-molecule efanayo futhi exhunywe ama-moleculic akhethekile izici zokuba yi-hydrophilic ne-lipophilic, kepha hhayi yonke i-hydrophilic noma i-lipophilic. Lesi sakhiwo esiyingqayizivele seAma-SurfactantsKuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "isakhiwo se-amphiphilic", futhi ama-molecule asetshenzisiwe ajwayele ukubizwa ngokuthi "ama-molecule e-amphipilic".