Zithini ukuhlukaniswa kwama-surficactants?

Ngokohlobo lwama-ion akhiqizwe yi-hydrophilic group, ama-surfactants angahlukaniswa izigaba ezine: anionic, cationic, zwitterionionic kanye ne-nonion.

Ama-anionic surfactants

① Izinsipho

Kungusawoti wamafutha aphezulu acid, ngefomula ejwayelekile: (RCOO) NM. I-fatty acid hydrocarbon r ngokuvamile iwuchunge lwe-carbons olude lwamakhokho ayi-11 kuye kwayi-17, ne-steartic acid, i-oleic acid kanye ne-lauric acid kuvamile. Ngokwezinto ezahlukahlukene ezimelwe ngu-M, zingahlukaniswa ngezinsipho zensimbi ye-alkali, insipho yensimbi yomhlaba ye-alkaline kanye nezinsipho ze-organic amops. Bonke banezakhiwo ezinhle ze-emulsation kanye nekhono lokuhlakaza uwoyela. Kepha babhujiswa kalula. I-Alkali Metal Sops nayo ingabhujiswa ngosawoti we-calcium kanye ne-magnesium, futhi ama-electrolyte angadala nokusabisa.

I-Alkali Metal Soaps: O / W

I-Alkaline Earth Metal Sops: W / O

Izinsipho ze-Organic Amine: Izinsipho zeTriethanolamine

② Sulfates Ro-so3-m

Kakhulu uwoyela we-sunfated kanye nomoya onamafutha aphezulu. I-fatty hydrocarbon chain r iphakathi kwezimoto eziyi-12 ne-18. Ummeleli wamafutha afuwulwe uwoyela we-castor, okwaziwa kakhulu njengamafutha abomvu aseTurkey. Ama-aulfate athuthukile avukile afaka i-sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS, Sodium Lauryl Sulfate) kanye ne-Sodium Fatlock Alcohol Polyoxyethylene Ether Sulfate (AES). Ama-SDS ane-emulsation eqinile, azinzile, futhi amelana kakhulu ne-acid, calcium, kanye nosawoti we-magnesium. Ekhemisi, kungakhiqiza imvula nemithi ethile yama-molecular catics, inokucasulwa okuthile kulwelwesi lwe-mucous, futhi isetshenziswa njenge-emulsifier yamafutha angaphandle, futhi isetshenziselwa futhi ukulungiswa okuqinile njengamathebulethi. I-Sodium Fatlock Alcohol polyoxyethylenelene ether sulfate (AES) inamandla okumelana namanzi anzima, inomphumela omuhle wokususa uwoyela, futhi inomphumela othile wokuqina.

③ Sulfonates R-SO3-M

Lesi sigaba sifaka ama-aliphatic sulfonates, i-Alkyl aryl sulfonates, kanye ne-alkyl naphthalene sulfonates. Ukulimala kwabo kwamanzi kanye ne-acid ne-calcium kanye ne-calcium kanye ne-magnesium ukumelana usawoti kubi kakhulu kunama-sulfates, kepha awekho kalula nge-hydrolyzed kuzixazululo ze-acidic. I-Aliphatic Sulfonates ifaka phakathi: I-Sodium Secondar Alkyl Sulfonate (SAS-60), i-sodium fatty acidthyl esfonate (FMES), i-sodium fattuty acid methyl ster delfonate (FMES), i-sodium fatty acication sulfonate (mes), i-soosol-ot), njll. izindlela ezingezona zomlomo; I-Sodium Dodecyllenzene Sulfonate ye-Alkyl aryl sulfonates iyisitekisi esisetshenziswa kabanzi. Usawoti weCholithium onjengeSodium Glycocholate futhi i-sodium taurocholate imvamisa esetshenziswa njenge-solubilizer for monogilycerides kanye nama-emulsifiers amafutha epheshana lesisu.

Ama-CATALIC SURFACACTAntAnts

Ama-surfactants anamacala amahle abizwa ngokuthi ama-cationic surfic. I-cation, eyaziwa nangokuthi insipho enhle, idlala indima eqinile. Ingxenye eyinhloko yesakhiwo sayo samangqamuzana yi-pentavalent nitrogen athomu, okuyingxenye ye-amonium ye-quentary, ikakhulukazi i-bezalkonium chloride (chlorhexidine), i-benzalkonium chloride (chlorhexidine (chlorhexidine), i-bezalkonium chloride, i-bezalkonium chloride, umsebenzi omuhle ongaphezulu, futhi uzinzile ngokusobala ku-acidic ye-acidic enhle nezixazululo ze-alkaline. Ngenxa yomphumela wayo oqinile we-bactericidal, isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukubulala amagciwane esikhunjeni, ama-membranes ama-mucous, amathuluzi okuhlinza, njll. Ezinye izinhlobo, njenge-Benzalkonium Chloride, zingasetshenziswa njengama-antibacterial ama-ejenti ezixazululweni ze-opthalmic.

Ama-surphectants we-amphoteric

Lolu hlobo lwe-surfactant lunamaqembu amahle futhi alungile akhokhisa ngesakhiwo salo samangqamuzana, futhi akhombisa izakhiwo ze-cationic noma i-anionic surfficactants kwimidiya enamanani ahlukile we-PH.

① Lecithin

I-Lecithin iyinhlangano yemvelo ye-zwitterionic, ethathwe ikakhulu kuma-soya kanye namaqanda amaqanda. Ukwakheka kwe-lecithin kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi kuyinhlanganisela yamakhompiyutha amaningi. Ngenxa yemithombo yayo ehlukene nezinqubo zokulungiselela, isilinganiso sengxenye ngayinye sizokwehluka, futhi ngenxa yalokho ukusebenza nakho kuzohluka. I-Lecithin iyazwela kakhulu ekushiseni, i-hydrolyzed ngaphansi kwesenzo se-acid, i-alkalinity nase-esterase, insoluble in arganic solvents as chloroform, i-solpest ye-organic efana ne-chlorofork, futhi yi-puroleum ether, futhi iyona expeciant eyinhloko yokulungiselela ama-microparticles e-lipid.

Uhlobo lwe-②amino acid nohlobo lwe-betaine

I-Amino acid ne-betaine angokwenziwa ama-amphoteric ama-amphoteric, ingxenye yayo ye-anion iyingxenye ye-cationex, futhi ingxenye ka-Amine acid, okuyi-amino acid usawoti, okuyi-Quternary Ammonium Salwoti, okuyi-CH3) 2-COO-. Izici zalo yilezi: Esikhani se-alkaline aquali, inezakhiwo ze-anionic surfic, ngemiphumela emihle yokuhlaziya nokuqothula; Kwikhambi le-acidic, inezakhiwo zabantu abangaguquki be-cationic, enekhono elinamandla lamagciwane, umphumela oqinile we-bactericidal kanye nobuthi obuncane kunobuthi be-cationic surfactants.

Ama-Surfic angasebenzi

Fatty acid glycerides

Kakhulu kakhulu i-monogilycerides enamafutha i-diglycerides, njenge-gonosterate glyceryl. I-insoluble emanzini, i-hydrolyzed kalula e-glycerol namafutha acid, ayisebenzi kakhulu, inani le-HLB elingu-3 kuye kwali-4, elivame ukusetshenziswa njenge-emulsifier ye-W / O hlobo no-AUxifier.

Sucrose fatty acid ester

I-Sucrose Ester yamafuphi, ingeye-Polyol Thread Survioctant, iyisigaba sezinto ezakhiwe ngokusabela kwe-sucrose kanye namafutha acid, kufaka phakathi i-monoster, i-fidester, i-polyester. Kungabukelwa phansi kube ama-sucrose namafutha acid emzimbeni futhi kusetshenziswe. Inani le-HLB lingu-5-13, elivame ukusetshenziswa njenge-O / W Emulsifier kanye ne-Dispresant, futhi futhi iyisingeniso sokudla esivame ukusetshenziswa.

I-Sorbitan Fatty Acid

Kuyingxube yezimpawu ze-Ester ezitholwe ngokusabela kwe-sorbitan kanye ne-anydride yayo enamafutha acid, futhi igama laso lokuhweba liyi-span. Ngenxa ye-lipophilicity yayo eqinile, imvamisa isetshenziswa njenge-w / o emulsifier, ngenani le-HLB le-1.8-3.8, futhi lisetshenziswa kakhulu e-lotion kanye namafutha. Kodwa-ke, i-span 20 ne-span 40 futhi kaningi zisetshenziswa njenge-emulsifiers exubile ngokuhlanganiswa ne-phakathi kweshumi nambili.

Polysorbate

Kuyi-polyoxyethylene Slobitan fattuty acid ester. Esikhathini esele-soh se-span, i-polyoxyethylenene ihlanganiswe nokuthola i-ether compound, futhi igama laso lokuhweba liyishumi nambili. Lolu hlobo lwe-surfactant lukhuphule kakhulu i-hydrophicity yalo ngenxa yokwengeza i-hydrophilic polyoxyethyeneyleneene, iba yi-survible-influble survible. Inani le-HLB lingu-9.6-16.7, futhi livame ukusetshenziswa njenge-solubililizer ne-O / W Emulsifier.

Polyoxyethylene fatly acid ester

Kuyinto e-Ester ekhiqizwa ukuguquguquka kwe-polyethylene glycol nama-acid anamafutha amade. Igama lokuhweba i-Myrij ngomunye wabo. Lolu hlobo lungancibilika amanzi futhi lunezakhiwo eziqinile ze-emulsation. Imvamisa isetshenziswa njenge-O / W EmpulSifier ne-solubililizer.

Polyoxyethylene fatlity alter ether

Kuyi-ether ekhiqizwa ukubuyiselwa kwe-polyethylene glycol namafutha acid. Igama lokuhweba iBrij elinye lazo. Imvamisa isetshenziswa njenge-O / W EmpulSifier ne-solubililizer.

Polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene polymer

Yakhiwa yi-polymerization ye-polymeryethylene ne-polyloxypropylene, eyaziwa nangokuthi iPoloxamer, negama lezohwebo liyiPluronic.