Ake sifunde mayelana nokuqina kwe-catics ndawonye.

Ama-CATALIC SURFACACTAntAntsziyizinto ezingaphezulu ezisebenzayo ezihlukanisa ukukhipha amacala amahle kusisombululo esinamanzi. Amaqembu e-hydrophobic alolu hlobo lwezinto afana nalezo ezifuywayo ze-anionic. Amaqembu e-hydrophilic ezinto ezinjalo aqukethe ama-athomu ama-nitrogen, futhi kukhona ama-athomu anjenge-phosphorus, isibabule, ne-iodine. Amaqembu we-hydrophilic namaqembu e-hydrophobic angaxhunyaniswa ngokuqondile, noma angaxhunyaniswa nge-ester, ether, noma ama-tindis. Phakathi kwazo, okusetshenziswa kakhulu yi-nitrogen-equkethe usawoti we-amine-onama.

Ama-CATALIC SURFACACTAntAntsNgenani lezentengiselwano ngokuyisisekelo okuvela kuma-organic nitrogen compounds. Amacala abo amahle athwalwa ama-athomu we-nitrogen. Kunezinhlobo ezintsha ze-cationic surficcackants amacala awo amathuba athathwa ama-athomu anjenge-phosphorus, isibabule, iodine, ne-arsenic. Ngokusho kwesakhiwo samakhemikhali se-cationic surficAstrants, singahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezine: uhlobo kasawoti we-amine, uhlobo lwe-amonline anmonium, uhlobo lwe-heterocyclic, nohlobo kasawoti. Phakathi kwazo, i-quaternary anmonium usawoti hlobo luhlobo lwe-cationic surfic lunezicelo eziningi kakhulu zezentengiso.

1. Uhlobo kasawoti ka-Amine

Uhlobo lukasawoti ka-Amine Uhlobo lwe-catioc surficics yisikhathi esijwayelekile sosawoti oyinhloko we-Amine usawoti, usawoti we-amine wesibili, kanye nosawoti wezemfundo ephakeme, kanye nama-animatio aqiniswe usawoti. Izakhiwo zabo ziyefana kakhulu, futhi imikhiqizo eminingi iyizingxube zama-Andines aphambili kanye neminye mine yesibili. Lezi zinto ezisetshenziswayo ikakhulukazi ama-usawoti akhiwa ukusabela kwamafutha aminines ngama-inorganic acid futhi ancibilika kuphela kwizixazululo ze-acidic. Ngaphansi kwezimo ze-alkaline, usawoti wa-amorine kungenzeka asabele nge-alkalis ukwakha ama-andines wamahhala, anciphisa ukulekelela kwabo. Ngakho-ke, uhla lwazo lesicelo lukhawulelwe ngandlela thile.

2. I-Quaternary Ammonium Sast Uhlobo

Uhlobo lwe-quaternary ammonium usawotiAma-CATALIC SURFACACTAntAntsyizinhlobo ezibaluleke kakhulu ze-cationic surfactants. Izakhiwo zabo kanye nezindlela zabo zokulungiselela zihlukile kulokho kohlobo lukasawoti ka-Amine. Ama-surfactants anjalo ayancibilika kuzo zombili izixazululo ze-acidic ne-alkali, anochungechunge lwezinto ezinhle kakhulu, zinokuhambisana okuhle nezinye izinhlobo ze-surffactants, futhi ube nebanga lesicelo elibanzi.

3. Uhlobo lwe-heterocyclic

Ama-heterocycles aqukethe kuma-molecule e-cationic surffactants ikakhulukazi afaka amasongo e-morpholine aqukethe ama-morpholine, ama-pyridine izindandatho, izindandatho ze-iMidazole, nezindandatho ze-quinoline, njll.

Ama-cationic surfactants awusizo kakhulu ama-catalysts anemisebenzi emihle yama-bactericidal futhi asetshenziswa kabanzi ezindaweni eziningi zezimpilo zethu.